From type/IO/Path

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method pred(IO::Path:D: --> IO::Path:D)

Returns a new IO::Path constructed from the invocant, with basename changed by calling Str.pred on it.

"foo/file02.txt".IO.pred.say; # OUTPUT: «"foo/file01.txt".IO␤»

From type/Enumeration

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method pred(::?CLASS:D:)

say Freija.pred;  # OUTPUT: «Oðin␤» 

From type/Date

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method pred(Date:D: --> Date:D)

Returns a Date of the previous day. "pred" is short for "predecessor".

say Date.new("2016-01-01").pred;   # OUTPUT: «2015-12-31␤»

From type/Bool

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method pred(--> Bool:D)

Returns False.

say True.pred;                                    # OUTPUT: «False␤» 
say False.pred;                                   # OUTPUT: «False␤»

pred is short for "predecessor"; it returns the previous enum value. Bool is a special enum with only two values, False and True. When sorted, False comes first, so False is the predecessor to True. And since False is the "lowest" Bool enum value, its own predecessor is also False.

From type/Numeric

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method pred(Numeric:D:)

Returns the number decremented by one (predecessor).

From type/Allomorph

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method pred(Allomorph:D:)

Calls Numeric.pred on the invocant's numeric value.

From type/Str

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method pred(Str:D: --> Str:D)

Returns the string decremented by one.

String decrementing is "magical" just like string increment (see succ). It fails on underflow

'b0'.pred;           # OUTPUT: «a9» 
'a0'.pred;           # OUTPUT: Failure 
'img002.png'.pred;   # OUTPUT: «img001.png»