From type/X/Undeclared

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Returns the kind of symbol that was not declared (for example variable, type, routine).

Since The symbol wasn't declared, the compiler sometimes has to guess (or rather disambiguate) what kind of symbol it encounter that wasn't declared. For example if you write

say a;

Then the disambiguation defaults to reporting a missing subroutine, even though declaring a constant a = 'a' would also make the error go away.

From type/X/Syntax/Malformed

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method what(X::Syntax::Malformed:D: --> Str)

Returns a description of the thing that was being parsed.

From type/X/Cannot/Empty

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method what()

Returns the type that was the target of the action.

From type/X/Syntax/Variable/Numeric

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method what returns Str:D

Returns a verbal description of the kind of symbol that was declared (variable, parameter, attribute).

From type/X/Cannot/Lazy

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method what()

Returns the type that was the target of the action, if it was not the lazy list itself.

From type/X/OutOfRange

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method what(--> Str:D)

Verbal description of the thing that was out of range (e.g. "array index", "month").

From type/X/Redeclaration

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Returns the kind of symbol that was redeclared. Usually symbol, but can also be routine, type etc.

From type/IO/Special

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say $*IN.path.what;  # OUTPUT: «<STDIN>␤» 
say $*OUT.path.what; # OUTPUT: «<STDOUT>␤» 
say $*ERR.path.what; # OUTPUT: «<STDERR>␤»

Returns one of the strings '<STDIN>', '<STDOUT>', or '<STDERR>', specifying the type of the special IO device.

From type/X/Syntax/Missing

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method what(--> Str:D)

Returns a string description of the missing syntax element.