class IO::Spec::Win32 is IO::Spec::Unix { }

An object of this type is available via the variable $*SPEC if the Raku interpreter is running on a Windows-like platform.

About this class and its related classes also see IO::Spec.

Methods

method basename

Defined as:

method basename(Str:D $path --> Str:D)

Takes a path as a string and returns a possibly-empty portion after the last slash or backslash:

IO::Spec::Win32.basename("foo/bar/") .raku.say; # OUTPUT: «""␤» 
IO::Spec::Win32.basename("foo/bar\\").raku.say; # OUTPUT: «""␤» 
IO::Spec::Win32.basename("foo/bar/.").raku.say; # OUTPUT: «"."␤» 
IO::Spec::Win32.basename("foo/bar")  .raku.say; # OUTPUT: «"bar"␤»

method canonpath

Defined as:

method canonpath(Str() $path, :$parent --> Str:D)

Returns a string that is a canonical representation of $path. If :$parent is set to true, will also clean up references to parent directories. NOTE: the routine does not access the filesystem.

IO::Spec::Win32.canonpath("C:/foo//../bar/../ber").say;
# OUTPUT: «C:\foo\..\bar\..\ber␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.canonpath("C:/foo///./../bar/../ber").say;
# OUTPUT: «C:\foo\..\bar\..\ber␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.canonpath("C:/foo///./../bar/../ber", :parent).say;
# OUTPUT: «C:\ber␤»

method catdir

Defined as:

method catdir (*@parts --> Str:D)

Concatenates multiple path fragments and returns the canonical representation of the resultant path as a string. The @parts are Str objects and are allowed to contain path separators.

IO::Spec::Win32.catdir(<foo/bar ber raku>).say;
# OUTPUT: «foo\bar\ber\raku␤»

method catfile

Alias for catdir.

method catpath

Defined as:

method catpath (Str:D $volume, Str:D $dir, Str:D $file --> Str:D)

Concatenates a path from given volume, a chain of directories, and file. An empty string can be given for any of the three arguments. No attempt to make the path canonical is made. Use canonpath for that purpose.

IO::Spec::Win32.catpath('C:', '/some/dir', 'foo.txt').say;
# OUTPUT: «C:/some/dir\foo.txt␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.catpath('C:', '/some/dir', '').say;
# OUTPUT: «C:/some/dir␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.catpath('', '/some/dir', 'foo.txt').say;
# OUTPUT: «/some/dir\foo.txt␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.catpath('E:', '', 'foo.txt').say;
# OUTPUT: «E:foo.txt␤»

method devnull

Defined as:

method devnull(--> Str:D)

Returns the string "nul" representing the "Null device":

$*SPEC.devnull.IO.spurt: "foo bar baz";

method dir-sep

Defined as:

method dir-sep(--> Str:D)

Returns the string ｢\｣ representing canonical directory separator character.

IO::Spec::Win32.dir-sep.say; # OUTPUT: «\␤» 

method is-absolute

Defined as:

method is-absolute(Str:D $path --> Bool:D)

Returns True if the $path starts with a slash ("/") or backslash ("\"), even if they have combining character on them, optionally preceded by a volume:

say IO::Spec::Win32.is-absolute: "/foo";        # OUTPUT: «True␤» 
say IO::Spec::Win32.is-absolute: "/\x[308]foo"; # OUTPUT: «True␤» 
say IO::Spec::Win32.is-absolute: ｢C:\foo｣;      # OUTPUT: «True␤» 
say IO::Spec::Win32.is-absolute: "bar";         # OUTPUT: «False␤»

method join

Defined as:

method join (Str:D $volume, Str:D $dir, Str:D $file --> Str:D)

Similar to catpath, takes two path fragments and concatenates them, adding or removing a path separator, if necessary, except it will return just $file if both $dir and $file are string '/' or if $dir is the string '.'. The first argument is ignored (it exists to maintain consistent interface with other IO::Spec types for systems that have volumes).

IO::Spec::Win32.join('C:', '/some/dir', 'foo.txt').say;
# OUTPUT: «C:/some/dir\and/more␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.join('C:', '.', 'foo.txt').say;
# OUTPUT: «C:foo.txt␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.join('C:', ｢\｣, '/').say;
# OUTPUT: «C:\␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.join('//server/share', ｢\｣, '/').say;
# OUTPUT: «//server/share␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.join('E:', '', 'foo.txt').say;
# OUTPUT: «E:foo.txt␤»

method path

Defined as:

method path(--> Seq:D)

Splits the value of %*ENV<PATH> (or %*ENV<Path> if the former is not set) on semicolons (";") and returns a Seq with each of the resultant parts, always adding element "." to the head. Removes all double quotes (") it finds.

%*ENV<PATH> = 'foo;"bar"/"ber"';
IO::Spec::Win32.path.raku.say; # OUTPUT: «(".", "foo", "bar/ber").Seq␤»

method rel2abs

Defined as:

method rel2abs(Str() $path, $base = $*CWD --> Str:D)

Returns a string representing $path converted to absolute path, based at $base, which defaults to $*CWD. If $base is not an absolute path, it will be made absolute relative to $*CWD, unless $*CWD and $base are the same.

say $*CWD;                                   # OUTPUT: «"C:\Users\camelia".IO␤» 
 
say IO::Spec::Win32.rel2abs: 'foo';          # OUTPUT: «C:\Users\camelia\foo␤» 
say IO::Spec::Win32.rel2abs: './';           # OUTPUT: «C:\Users\camelia␤» 
say IO::Spec::Win32.rel2abs: 'foo/../../';   # OUTPUT: «C:\Users\camelia\foo\..\..␤» 
say IO::Spec::Win32.rel2abs: '/foo/';        # OUTPUT: «C:\foo␤» 
 
say IO::Spec::Win32.rel2abs: 'foo', 'bar';   # OUTPUT: «C:\Users\camelia\bar\foo␤» 
say IO::Spec::Win32.rel2abs: './', '/bar';   # OUTPUT: «\bar␤» 
say IO::Spec::Win32.rel2abs: '/foo/', 'bar'; # OUTPUT: «C:\foo␤» 
 
say IO::Spec::Win32.rel2abs: 'foo/../../', 'bar';
# OUTPUT: «C:\Users\camelia\bar\foo\..\..␤» 

method rootdir

Defined as:

method rootdir(--> Str:D)

Returns string ｢\｣, representing root directory.

method split

Defined as:

method split(IO::Spec::Win32: Cool:D $path)

Creates a IO::Path::Parts for $path.

IO::Spec::Win32.split('C:/foo/bar.txt').raku.say;
# OUTPUT: «IO::Path::Parts.new("C:","/foo","bar.txt")␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.split('/foo/').raku.say;
# OUTPUT: «IO::Path::Parts.new("","/","foo")␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.split('///').raku.say;
# OUTPUT: «IO::Path::Parts.new("","/","\\")␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.split('./').raku.say;
# OUTPUT: «IO::Path::Parts.new("",".",".")␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.split('.').raku.say;
# OUTPUT: «IO::Path::Parts.new("",".",".")␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.split('').raku.say;
# OUTPUT: «IO::Path::Parts.new("","","")␤» 

Note: Before Rakudo version 2020.06 this method split the given $path into "volume", "dirname", and "basename" and returned the result as a List of three Pairs, in that order.

method splitdir

Defined as:

method splitdir(Cool:D $path --> List:D)

Splits the given $path on slashes and backslashes.

IO::Spec::Win32.splitdir('C:\foo/bar.txt').raku.say;
# OUTPUT: «("C:", "foo", "bar.txt")␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.splitdir('/foo/').raku.say;
# OUTPUT: «("", "foo", "")␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.splitdir('///').raku.say;
# OUTPUT: «("", "", "", "")␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.splitdir('./').raku.say;
# OUTPUT: «(".", "")␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.splitdir('.').raku.say;
# OUTPUT: «(".",)␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.splitdir('').raku.say;
# OUTPUT: «("",)␤» 

method splitpath

Defined as:

method splitpath(Cool:D $path, :$nofile --> List:D)

Splits the given $path into a list of 3 strings: volume, dirname, and file. The volume is always an empty string, returned for API compatibility with other IO::Spec types. If :$nofile named argument is set to True, the content of the file string is undefined and should be ignored; this is a means to get a performance boost, as implementations may use faster code path when file is not needed.

IO::Spec::Win32.splitpath('C:\foo/bar.txt').raku.say;
# OUTPUT: «("C:", "\\foo/", "bar.txt")␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.splitpath('C:\foo/bar.txt', :nofile).raku.say;
# OUTPUT: «("C:", "\\foo/bar.txt", "")␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.splitpath('/foo/').raku.say;
# OUTPUT: «("", "/foo/", "")␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.splitpath('/foo/', :nofile).raku.say;
# OUTPUT: «("", "/foo/", "")␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.splitpath('///').raku.say;
# OUTPUT: «("", "///", "")␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.splitpath('./').raku.say;
# OUTPUT: «("", "./", "")␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.splitpath('.').raku.say;
# OUTPUT: «("", "", ".")␤» 
 
IO::Spec::Win32.splitpath('').raku.say;
# OUTPUT: «("", "", "")␤» 

method tmpdir

Defined as:

method tmpdir(--> IO::Path:D)

Attempts to locate a system's temporary directory by checking several typical directories and environmental variables. Uses current directory if no suitable directories are found.