From type/independent-routines

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multi sub say(**@args --> True)

Prints the "gist" of given objects; it will always invoke .gist in the case the object is a subclass of Str. Same as put, except it uses .gist method to obtain string representation of the object; as in the case of put, it will also autothread for Junctions.

NOTE: the .gist method of some objects, such as Lists, returns only partial information about the object (hence the "gist"). If you mean to print textual information, you most likely want to use put instead.

say Range;        # OUTPUT: «(Range)␤» 
say class Foo {}; # OUTPUT: «(Foo)␤» 
say 'I ♥ Raku';   # OUTPUT: «I ♥ Raku␤» 
say 1..Inf;       # OUTPUT: «1..Inf␤»

From type/Mu

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multi method say()

Will say to standard output.

say 42;                 # OUTPUT: «42␤»

What say actually does is, thus, deferred to the actual subclass. In say it calls .gist on the object, returning a compact string representation.

In non-sink context, say will always return True.

say (1,[1,2],"foo",Mu).map: so *.say ;
# OUTPUT: «1␤[1 2]␤foo␤(Mu)␤(True True True True)␤»

However, this behavior is just conventional and you shouldn't trust it for your code. It's useful, however, to explain certain behaviors.

say is first printing out in *.say, but the outermost say is printing the True values returned by the so operation.

From type/Proc/Async

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method say(Proc::Async:D: $output, :$scheduler = $*SCHEDULER)

Calls method gist on the $output, adds a newline, encodes it as UTF-8, and sends it to the standard input stream of the external program, encoding it as UTF-8.

Returns a Promise that will be kept once the data has fully landed in the input buffer of the external program.

The Proc::Async object must be created for writing (with Proc::Async.new(:w, $path, @args)). Otherwise an X::Proc::Async::OpenForWriting exception will the thrown.

start must have been called before calling method say, otherwise an X::Proc::Async::MustBeStarted exception is thrown.

From type/IO/Handle

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multi method say(IO::Handle:D: **@text --> True)

This method is identical to put except that it stringifies its arguments by calling .gist instead of .Str.

Attempting to call this method when the handle is :$enc will result in X::IO::BinaryMode exception being thrown.

my $fh = open 'path/to/file', :w;
$fh.say(Complex.new(3, 4));        # OUTPUT: «3+4i␤» 
$fh.close;

From type/IO/CatHandle

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multi method say(|)

The IO::CatHandle type overrides this method to throw a X::NYI exception. If you have a good idea for how this method should behave, tell Rakudo developers about it!