From type/Exception

See Original text in context

multi method gist(Exception:D:)

Returns whatever the exception printer should produce for this exception. The default implementation returns message and backtrace separated by a newline.

my $e = X::AdHoc.new(payload => "This exception is pretty bad");
try $e.throw;
if ($!) { say $!.gist; };
# OUTPUT: «This exception is pretty bad 
#   in block <unit> at <unknown file> line 1␤»

From type/Nil

See Original text in context

method gist(--> Str:D)

Returns "Nil".

From type/ForeignCode

See Original text in context

method gist( ForeignCode:D: )

Returns the name of the code by calling name.

From type/IO/Path

See Original text in context

method gist(IO::Path:D: --> Str:D)

Returns a string, part of which contains either the value of .absolute (if path is absolute) or .path. Note that no escaping of special characters is made, so e.g. "\b" means a path contains a backslash and letter "b", not a backspace.

say "foo/bar".IO;                       # OUTPUT: «"foo/bar".IO␤» 
say IO::Path::Win32.new: ｢C:\foo/bar\｣; # OUTPUT: «"C:\foo/bar\".IO␤»

From type/Blob

See Original text in context

method gist(Blob:D: --> Str:D)

Returns the string containing the "gist" of the Blob, listing up to the first 100 elements, separated by space, appending an ellipsis if the Blob has more than 100 elements.

put Blob.new(1, 2, 3).gist; # OUTPUT: «Blob:0x<01 02 03>␤» 
put Blob.new(1..2000).gist;
# OUTPUT: 
# Blob:0x<01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F 10 11 12 13 14 15 
# 16 17 18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 1F 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2A 2B 2C 
# 2D 2E 2F 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3A 3B 3C 3D 3E 3F 40 41 42 43 
# 44 45 46 47 48 49 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5A 
# 5B 5C 5D 5E 5F 60 61 62 63 64 ...>

From type/Array

See Original text in context

Exactly the same as List.gist, except using square brackets for surrounding delimiters.

From type/Mu

See Original text in context

multi sub    gist(+args --> Str)
multi method gist(   --> Str)

Returns a string representation of the invocant, optimized for fast recognition by humans. As such lists will be truncated at 100 elements. Use .raku to get all elements.

The default gist method in Mu re-dispatches to the raku method for defined invocants, and returns the type name in parenthesis for type object invocants. Many built-in classes override the case of instances to something more specific that may truncate output.

gist is the method that say calls implicitly, so say $something and say $something.gist generally produce the same output.

say Mu.gist;        # OUTPUT: «(Mu)␤» 
say Mu.new.gist;    # OUTPUT: «Mu.new␤»

From type/Date

See Original text in context

multi method gist(Date:D: --> Str:D)

Returns the date in YYYY-MM-DD format (ISO 8601)

say Date.new('2015-12-24').gist;                    # OUTPUT: «2015-12-24␤»

From type/IO/Notification/Change

See Original text in context

multi method gist(IO::Notification::Change:D:)

Returns the path and event attributes, separated by semicolon.

From type/Sequence

See Original text in context

multi method gist(::?CLASS:D:)

Returns the gist of the cached sequence.

From type/Backtrace

See Original text in context

multi method gist(Backtrace:D:)

Returns string "Backtrace(42 frames)" where the number indicates the number of frames available via list method.

From type/Map

See Original text in context

method gist(Map:D: --> Str:D)

Returns the string containing the "gist" of the Map, sorts the pairs and lists up to the first 100, appending an ellipsis if the Map has more than 100 pairs.

From type/IO/Handle

See Original text in context

method gist(IO::Handle:D: --> Str:D)

Returns a string containing information which .path, if any, the handle is created for and whether it is .opened.

say IO::Handle.new; # IO::Handle<(Any)>(closed) 
say "foo".IO.open;  # IO::Handle<"foo".IO>(opened) 

From type/Systemic

See Original text in context

method gist( Systemic:D: )

Instance method returning the name and version of the object.

say $*RAKU.gist; # OUTPUT: «Raku (6.d)␤»

$*RAKU is an object of the Raku type, which mixes in this role and thus implements this method.

From type/Complex

See Original text in context

method gist(Complex:D: --> Str:D)

Returns a string representation of the form "1+2i", without internal spaces. (Str coercion also returns this.)

say (1-4i).gist;                # OUTPUT: «1-4i␤»

From type/Submethod

See Original text in context

multi method gist(Submethod:D:)

Returns the name of the submethod.

From type/List

See Original text in context

multi method gist(List:D: --> Str:D)

Returns the string containing the parenthesized "gist" of the List, listing up to the first 100 elements, separated by space, appending an ellipsis if the List has more than 100 elements. If List is a lazy, returns string '(...)'

put (1, 2, 3).gist;   # OUTPUT: «(1 2 3)␤» 
put (1..∞).List.gist; # OUTPUT: «(...)␤» 
 
put (1..200).List.gist;
# OUTPUT: 
# (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 
# 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 
# 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 
# 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 
# 96 97 98 99 100 ...) 

From type/Junction

See Original text in context

multi method gist(Junction:D:)

Collapses the Junction and returns a Str composed of the type of the junction and the gists of its components:

<a 42 c>.all.say; # OUTPUT: «all(a, 42, c)␤»

From type/Version

See Original text in context

method gist(Version:D: --> Str:D)

Returns a string representation of the invocant, just like Str, prepended with a lower-case v.

my $v1 = v1.0.1;
my $v2 = Version.new('1.0.1');
say $v1.gist;                                      # OUTPUT: «v1.0.1␤» 
say $v2.gist;                                      # OUTPUT: «v1.0.1␤»

From type/Attribute

See Original text in context

multi method gist(Attribute:D:)

Returns the name of the type followed by the name of the attribute.

class Hero {
    has @!inventory;
    has Str $.name;
    submethod BUILD( :$name, :@inventory ) {
        $!name = $name;
        @!inventory = @inventory
    }
}
say Hero.^attributes(:local)[0]; # OUTPUT: «Positional @!inventory» 

Since say implicitly calls .gist, that is what produces the output here.